The Model Context Protocol (MCP) is an open standard, open-source framework introduced by Anthropic to standardize the way artificial intelligence (AI) models like large language models (LLMs) integrate and share data with external tools, systems, and data sources. Designed to standardize context exchange between AI assistants and software environments, MCP provides a model-agnostic universal interface for reading files, executing functions, and handling contextual prompts. It was officially announced and open-sourced by Anthropic in November 2024, with subsequent adoption by major AI providers including OpenAI and Google DeepMind.